Uterine Fibroids

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are noncancerous growths of the uterus that often appear during childbearing years. These growths vary in size and number and can develop in different parts of the uterus. While many women with fibroids experience no symptoms, others may have significant discomfort and complications.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of uterine fibroids include:

• Heavy or prolonged menstrual periods
  
• Pelvic pain or pressure
  
• Frequent urination
  
• Difficulty emptying the bladder
  
• Constipation
  
• Backache or leg pains
  
• Pain during intercourse
  

Causes

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unknown, but several factors may contribute:

• Hormonal factors: Estrogen and progesterone promote the growth of fibroids.
  
• Genetic changes: Many fibroids contain alterations in genes that differ from those in normal uterine muscle cells.
  
• Other growth factors: Substances that help the body maintain tissues may affect fibroid growth.
  

Types of Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are classified based on their location within the uterus:

• Intramural fibroids: Develop within the muscular wall of the uterus.
  
• Subserosal fibroids: Project to the outside of the uterus.
  
• Submucosal fibroids: Protrude into the uterine cavity.
  
• Pedunculated fibroids: Attached to the uterine wall by a stalk.
  
• Cervical fibroids: Located in the cervical region.
  
• Broad ligament fibroids: Develop in the broad ligament.
  

Risk Factors for Uterine Fibroids

Factors that may increase the risk of developing fibroids include:

• Age (common in women in their 30s and 40s)
  
• Family history of fibroids
  
• Ethnic origin (more common in African-American women)
  
• Obesity
  
• Diet high in red meat and low in green vegetables
  
• Vitamin D deficiency
  

Complications of Uterine Fibroids

While fibroids are generally benign, they can lead to complications such as:

• Severe anemia due to heavy bleeding
  
• Infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss
  
• Pregnancy complications like placental abruption or preterm delivery
  
• Urinary tract infections from bladder pressure
  
• Constipation due to pressure on the rectum
  

Diagnosis

Dr. Sadhana Gosain employs various diagnostic tools to detect fibroids:

• Pelvic examination: To feel for irregularities in the uterus.
  
• Ultrasound: To visualize fibroids and assess their size and location.
  
• MRI: Provides detailed images for complex cases.
  
• Hysteroscopy: Allows direct visualization of the uterine cavity.
  
• Sonohysterography: Ultrasound combined with saline infusion to evaluate the uterine cavity.
  

Treatment

Treatment options are personalized based on the severity of symptoms, size and location of fibroids, and patient preferences:

• Medications: To regulate hormones and reduce symptoms.
  
• Non-invasive procedures: Such as MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery.
  
• Minimally invasive procedures:
  
  • Uterine artery embolization: Blocks blood flow to fibroids, causing them to shrink.
    
  • Laparoscopic or robotic myomectomy: Removes fibroids while preserving the uterus.
    
• Traditional surgical procedures:
  
  • Abdominal myomectomy: For large or numerous fibroids.
    
  • Hysterectomy: Complete removal of the uterus, considered when other treatments fail or are not suitable.

Why Choose Dr. Sadhana Gosain?

Dr. Sadhana Gosain is a trusted gynecologist in Delhi, known for her expertise in managing uterine fibroids. Her patient-centric approach ensures that each woman receives individualized care tailored to her specific needs. Utilizing the latest diagnostic tools and treatment modalities, Dr. Gosain aims to alleviate symptoms, preserve fertility, and enhance overall well-being.